Soft Shadow Mapping Using Percentage Closer Filter - Compares various approaches to using GLSL for soft shadow mapping and refraction techniques. - http://www.cs.utah.edu/classes/cs5610/projects-2005/lha/
Shadow Mapping Tutorial Using GLSL - Sample renderings and code for shadow mapping. - http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/academic/class/15462/web.06s/asst/project3/shadowmap/
The OpenGL Shading Language Specification - Detailed documentation on the GLSL language. Includes standard variables, constants and functions. - http://www.opengl.org/registry/doc/GLSLangSpec.Full.1.20.8.pdf
NVIDIA SDK 9.51 Code Samples - nVidia's OpenGL SDK. Includes code, Windows binaries and rendered examples of GLSL. - http://http.download.nvidia.com/developer/SDK/Individual_Samples/samples.html
OpenGL Shading Language Tutorials and Demos - ClockworkCoders's guide to GLSL. Includes a gallery, sample code, tips & tricks. - http://www.clockworkcoders.com/oglsl/index.html
GLSL Shaders - Introduction - Primer for using GLSL. Includes a gallery and sample code for a fractal noise generator. - http://www.davidcornette.com/glsl/
Create Digital Motion - The blog offers comments, examples and news regarding GLSL. - http://createdigitalmotion.com/tag/glsl/
Wikipedia: GLSL - A brief history, list of GLSL datatypes and explanation of variable types. - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLSL
The Art of Texturing Using The OpenGL Shading Language - oZone3D's tutorials for using GLSL for dynamic texturing. Includes environment mapping, glass mapping and alpha mapping. - http://www.ozone3d.net/tutorials/glsl_texturing.php
GLSL - An Introduction - A quick introduction to GLSL, including code snippets for common shader operations. - http://nehe.gamedev.net/data/articles/article.asp?article=21
GLSL Tutorial - Primer for GLSL beginners: pipeline diagrams, documentation and sample code. - http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/glsl/
GLSL Quick Reference Guide - A PDF chart listing standard GLSL variables and constants. - http://mew.cx/glsl_quickref.pdf