Sun Community Source Licensing (SCSL): picoJava - A core is the central component of a processor or controller chip. Chips using picoJava core are well suited for consumer electronic products running Java programs. Sun Microsytems. - http://www.sun.com/software/communitysource/processors/picojava.xml
Open Source Soft Microprocessors - Free licensing of soft microprocessors lets designers easily modify FPGAs and gives greater visibility into architectures; explains implications of associated licensing models. Dr. Dobb's. - http://www.ddj.com/dept/opensource/197800817/
CMOSexod.com - For advanced hobbyists: share free microprocessor and DSP IP cores written in Verilog or VHDL. - http://www.cmosexod.com/
The Freedom CPU - F-CPU, mainly dedicated to pure SIMD superpipelined 64-bit RISC CPU, and the sources. Open Source, GPL. - http://f-cpu.seul.org/
STM - 32-bit, 2-way superscalar RISC processor, designed in a HDL. Source downloads. This one is actually working. - http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~uf8e-itu/