Microformats - Simple data formats built upon existing and widely adopted standards. Overview, specifications, events, and discussion. - http://microformats.org/
Electronic Documents Markup - A brief explanation of what markup languages are and where they come from. - http://web.cs.wpi.edu/~kal/elecdoc/EDmarkup.html
YAML Ain't Markup Language (YAML) - A straightforward machine parsable data serialization format designed for human readability and interaction with scripting languages such as Perl and Python. - http://yaml.org/
whatis.com: markup - A short definition. - http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,289893,sid9_gci212527,00.html
Project Xanadu - The original hypertext project. Includes a history of the project and gives credit to the early developers of markup languages. - http://www.xanadu.com/