(US) Office of Naval Research - Mathematical, Computer, and Information Sciences Division. Contact information. - http://www.onr.navy.mil/sci_tech/31/311/
(US) National Security Agency Mathematical Sciences Program - The MSP program offers funding in four categories; the Young Investigators Grant, the Standard Grant, the Senior Investigators Grant, and the Conferences, Workshops, and Special Situations Grant. US citizens or permanent residents. - http://www.nsa.gov/msp/
(UK) EPSRC - Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Mathematics Programme. - http://www.epsrc.ac.uk/website/default.aspx?CID=6356&ZoneID=3&MenuID=412
IMU Commission on Development and Exchanges - The CDE promotes mathematics in developing countries. Applications may be made online. - http://www.math.utah.edu/CDE/description.html
EPDI - European Post-Doctoral Institute. Travelling postdoctoral grants in mathematics and physics. - http://www.ihes.fr/EPDI/
(US) Army Research Office - Mathematical and Computer Sciences Division. Contact information and reports. - http://www.aro.army.mil/mcsc/math.htm
(UK) LMS Grants - Description of the grants offered by the London Mathematical Society for the support of mathematical research. - http://www.lms.ac.uk/grants/index.html
(US) NSF FastLane - National Science Foundation site for submitting and reviewing proposals. - http://www.fastlane.nsf.gov/fastlane.htm
(UK) Glasgow Mathematical Journal Trust Fund - The fund aims to support mathematical projects which have demonstrable benefit to mathematics in Scotland. This includes conferences, workshops and summer schools in Scotland, lecture tours in Scottish universities and the publication of lecture notes or - http://www.maths.gla.ac.uk/gmj/gmj-trust/
Number Theory Foundation - Private philanthropic US organization for research in number theory. - http://www.cerias.purdue.edu/homes/ssw/ntf/index.html